Hope this suits better ...
Судя по всему упомянутые словари не особо относятся к англосаксонской системе. Насколько я понимаю они говорят именно о термине пришедшем из римского права, где действительно есть такой термин.
Кстати ели уж вчитаться хотя бы в название самого словаря (Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка) - это словарь разъясняющий СЛОВА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА, пришедшие к нам. В связи с чем он несколько не годится для исследования правовой системы другого государства:
ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНОЕ ПРАВО
(лат. juris рraecedentiae). Право преимущества, предпочтения.
(Источник: "Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка". Чудинов А.Н., 1910)
ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНОЕ ПРАВО
лат. jus praecedentiae. Право преимущества.
(Источник: "Объяснение 25000 иностранных слов, вошедших в употребление в русский язык, с означением их корней". Михельсон А.Д., 1865)
Под первоисточниками я подразумеваю английские тексты английских юристов об английском праве. Обычно это наиболее правильные источники.
В интернете есть масса всего касающегося всего. Но проще работать с предметом, пользуясь информацией из первых рук. Кстати, с этой точки зрение и мое мнение уже опосредованное а значит, может быть и наверное ... хэх...
Тем не менее.
К примеру если прочитать выступление Аллисдера Джиллеспая (Университет ДеМонфорт, Лейчистер, ВБ) на конференции IALS, можно заметить, что он, как и многие, употрет лишь термин "общее право" и "право справедливости". О прецедентах упоминает лишь касаясь системы общего права.
Ребекка Хаксли-Бинс, в своем выступление дает характеристики в тех же самых терминах.
если интересно.
Прикинь, они видимо тоже не разделяют твой позиции! Вот тупые, да?
Выдержки:
England is perhaps the most famous common-law country, with its influence being
found across the world as a result of its colonial past. England does, however, differ
from many other common-law countries in two principal ways. The first is that it does
not have a written constitution, a distinction it shares only with New Zealand and
Israel, both of which are considered to be ‘common law’ countries. Of course that it is
not to say that neither England nor the United Kingdom has a constitution, there is
undoubtedly a body of law that is of constitutional significance.
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However it must be
accepted that the absence of a written constitution does make it more difficult for UK
citizens to understand their role with the State. In 2007 it was announced that the new
Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, was considering the idea of introducing a written
constitution although it is likely that this will be a long-term issue.
The second principal way that England differs from many common-law countries is
that its law is not codified. Many states, including (for example) New Zealand, have
attempted to codify some or all of their law (most usually the criminal law). The
principal advantage of codification is that it brings a degree of certainty to the law, i.e.
it is possible for a citizen to easily identify whether something is unlawful and also
how allegations of illegality will be investigated and prosecuted. One possible
disadvantage is that it may make the law slightly inflexible. This is perhaps
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See the Laws of Wales Acts of 1535 and 1543. Devolution may eventually change this and the
Government of Wales Act 2006 will, if implemented, eventually lead to Wales being allowed to pass
some laws applicable only to its territory.
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Perhaps most notably, and obviously, the Acts of Union that led to the creation of the United
Kingdom through the merger of England and Scotland (1707) and then the United Kingdom and
Ireland (1801, later obviously reduced to Northern Ireland). IALS Conference
Learning from Each Other: Enriching the Law School Curriculum in an Interrelated World
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261
particularly true where technological advancements proceed beyond that which the
legislators contemplated.
The common-law focus and absence of either codification or a constitution raises a
number of issues surrounding the role of the courts. The courts are central not just to
the adjudication of the law but also the very development of the law. “Judge-made”
law remains an important feature of the English Legal System although in modern
times more deference has been shown to the legislature. Perhaps the best-known
example of judge-made law is that of murder. In England and Wales no statute states
what the definition of murder is. The definition has evolved through the common law
and whilst Parliament has chosen to amend it
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the fact remains that it is a commonlaw crime. The issues of most relevance given the background to the English Legal
System are:
Precedent.
The supremacy of Parliament.
The separation of powers.
___________________________________________________________________
English Law: An introduction
The English Legal System
One of the major European legal systems, Roman law being the other, English law has spread to many other countries, including former English colonies such as the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
English law has an evolving history dating from the local customs of the Anglo-Saxons, traces of which survived until 1925. After the Norman Conquest they grew up, side by side with the Saxon shire courts, the feudal courts of the barons and the ecclesiastical (church) courts. From the king's council developed the royal courts, presided over by professional judges, which gradually absorbed the jurisdictions (legal powers) of the baronial and ecclesiastical courts. By 1250 the royal judges had amalgamated the various local customs into the system of common law – that is, law common to the whole country. A second system known as equity developed in the Court of Chancery, in which the Lord Chancellor considered petitions.
In the 17th and 18th centuries common law absorbed the Law Merchant, the international code of mercantile customs. During the 19th century virtually the whole of English law was reformed by legislation; for example, the number of capital offences was greatly reduced.
Judicial Precedents
A unique feature of English law is the doctrine of judicial precedents, whereby the reported decisions of the courts form a binding source of law for future decisions. A judge is bound by decisions of courts of superior jurisdiction but not necessarily by those of inferior courts.
Classification of Law
Criminal
The criminal law is concerned with offences against society at large – crimes. Prosecuted by the State. Punish and deter.
Civil
Civil law is concerned with disputes between private parties, for example, consumer and supplier, employer and employee. Injured party sues. Damages or injunction.
Principal areas of non-statutory civil law
Contract; torts (wrongs); trusts. Torts include negligence, nuisance, trespass, defamation, and inducing breach of contract.
Sources of Law
The principal sources of UK law are:
Statutes: Legislation from the UK Parliament and devolved parliaments.
‘Common’ law: law made through principles established in cases over the centuries during the standardisation of law throughout England and Wales from the eleventh century onwards.
Law from the EU.
Statutes
Sources of statutes
Statutes originate from Parliament. Example: Employment Rights Act 1996. Each Act has a chapter number: ERA 1996 is ch.18.
Formation of statutes
Starting point is usually a green (consultative) paper. Then draft proposals (white paper); and a bill before Parliament. Ultimately, after Royal Assent, an Act.
Delegated legislation
An Act may allow a Minister or some other party the authority to make legal provisions. Principal vehicles are statutory instruments (Ministerial Orders or sets of regulations.)
Case Law and Precedent
Ratio decidendi
Case law arises from judicial decision-making. A judgment will contain the facts of the case, the correct legal position (the reason for the decision – ‘ratio’) and the decision itself. The ratio sets a binding precedent for courts below. Flexibility is built into the system by the ability to overrule (usually at a higher level) and to distinguish (one case from another).
Ratio overruled
A ratio is set out in the case of A v B. In a later case between C and D, on the same point, in the same or a higher court, the ratio in A v B is held to be incorrect and is therefore overruled. (It might have been correct and been affirmed). Contrast this with the decision in A v B being reversed (on appeal).
Decision reversed
